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Using IoT to identify ghost teachers in the universal education system of Uganda

  • Niyitanga Paul (한동대학교 국제개발협력대학원 테크노융합학과)

초록/요약

Literacy has long been known to have positive social and economic effects. Increased lit-eracy reduces poverty and crime, promotes democracy and civic-engagement, boost eco-nomic growth and provide personal benefits like confidence, higher self-esteem and em-powerment. Specifically, the empowerment of women through education has a ripple effect on all facets of development. Educated women have an immediate impact on the education and health of their children. As the saying goes, “if you educate a woman, you educate a nation”. It was on this backdrop that the government of Uganda introduced universal education for all school going children. Despite the numerous benefits of this policy, there exist some challenges in providing free education for Ugandan children. And one of the biggest chal-lenges is “ghost teachers”. Ghost teachers are unscrupulous individuals who continue to receive a salary without attending class. Absenteeism by teachers directly affects the learn-ing opportunities, objectives, and targets established for pupils in schools. Regular teacher absences from the classroom have a negative impact on the kids' performance. This paper presents the use of IoT to identify ghost teachers in the universal education system of Uganda. This author reviews the universal education program since its inception and highlights the challenge of ghost teachers. Additionally, he engages in studying the available literature to assess the current situation. The author learns about the structure and operation of the universal education system of Uganda. The author also studies the absen-teeism of teachers in the universal education system. Having familiarised himself with the current situation, the author assesses possible solutions by studying related work and there-after proposes the best solution, that is, a context appropriate IoT system to identify ghost teachers. This IoT system consists of an IoT device that is used to take pictures of the vii teacher during his or her designated lesson periods as evidence of attendance. The device computes a cumulative attendance rate of the teacher and uploads the picture and corre-sponding data onto an IoT cloud. The cloud stores the pictures and the data and analyses all the data from all the connected IoT devices and thereafter identifies the ghost teachers. The list of ghost teachers is then availed onto a website accessible by the Ministry of edu-cation. This way the government can identify the ghost teachers and scrap them off of the payroll. The paper also details the research design. The author starts out by carrying out literature review. Thereafter the designs the system by selecting an appropriate IoT architecture, sys-tem requirements and suitable technologies. The author proceeds to develop the system bottom upwards across the IoT architecture. The result is an IoT system that can be used to identify ghost teachers in the education system of Uganda.

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목차

I. Introduction 1
1. Universal education in Uganda 1
2. Ghost Teachers in Uganda 3
3. Problem statement 4
4. Impact and significance of study 5
II. Materials and Methods 6
1.Research Design 6
1.1 Literature review 7
1.2 System design 24
1.3 System modules development and integration 59
2. System development 59
2.1 IoT device 59
2.2 IoT cloud 70
2.3 Web application 78
III. Results 81
1. IoT system to Identify ghost teachers 81
1.1 IoT device 81
1.2 Amazon Web Services cloud 87
1.3 Web application 90
1.4 System architecture and data flow diagram 93
2. IoT system implementation 95
3. Future research 96
3.1 Develop and test factory ready IoT device 96
3.2 Using AI to match the uploaded image to database image 97
IV. Discussion 98
IV. References 102

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